What is random fertilization?

Random fertilization is the process by which gametes (sperm and egg cells) combine randomly during sexual reproduction to create a genetically unique offspring. During fertilization, a single sperm cell from the male combines with a single egg cell from the female to form a zygote, which eventually develops into a new individual.

Random fertilization is essential for genetic diversity within a population, as it ensures that each offspring has a unique combination of genes from both parents. This genetic variation allows for evolution and adaptation to changing environments.

While the chance of any particular sperm cell fertilizing a specific egg cell is relatively low, the large number of sperm cells produced by the male and the high number of egg cells produced by the female increase the likelihood of successful fertilization. This randomness in the fertilization process ensures genetic diversity and contributes to the survival and adaptation of species over time.